Men goi cac em bai Nam Dau Noi Chuyen Ga (2017).
VAN SU NHU Y CAT TUONG
Dinh Dau Nien 2017.
Thay Lan
phamdinhlan (david)
NĂM DẬU NÓI CHUYỆN GÀ
PHAM DINH LAN, F.A.B.I.
Nam
2017 la nam Dinh Dau tuc la nam con Ga.
Theo Han- Viet, Ga la Ke. Nguoi
Anh goi Ga trong la Cock hay Rooster; Ga mai: Hen va Ga an thit duoc la
Chicken. Theo thu tu tren nguoi Phap co
Coq, Poule va Poulet. Trong bai viet nay
chung ta tim hieu so luoc ve Ke toc
trong cong dong loai nguoi.
NGUON GOC VA THAN THE KE TOC
Ga
la loai cam vu co long canh nhu chim, de trung va ap cho trung no ra Ga con. Ga co the bay nhung khong the bay cao va xa
nhu Chim vi than hinh nang ne. Que quan
cua Ke toc la vung Nam A va Dong Nam A.
To tien cua Ke toc la Ga Rung long do, vang, xanh, trang; mo vang va
nhon. Ten khoa hoc cua to tien Ke toc la
Gallus gallus. Ten Ga duoc thuan
hoa la Gallus gallus domesticus thuoc gia dinh Phasianidae.
Ga
trong co long dep hon Ga mai. Ga thuong
co cac mau long sau day: long den (Ga
Qua); long trang (Ga Ac, Ga Ri); long mau hon hop do, vang, den, xanh, trang
trong dep mat; long mau do (Ga Dieu), long mau vang (Ga Phen); long co dom
trang den, vang (Ga No).
To
tien Ke toc tren the gioi co 05 chi toc lon:
1.
Gallus gallus murghi o mien bac va dong bac An Do
2.
Gallus gallus spadiceus o Yunnan (Van Nam), Mien Dien, Thai Lan, Ma Lai, Indonesia.
3.
Gallus gallus jabouillei o Bac Bo Viet Nam, Yunnan, Hainan (dao Hai Nam)
4.
Gallus gallus gallus o Bac Bo Viet Nam, Thai Lan, Lao, Cambodia
5.
Gallus gallus bankiva tren dao Sumatra, Java, Bali (Indonesia).
Thi
giac va thinh giac cua Ke toc rat ben nhay.
Nhung vao buoi toi thi giac cua Ke toc giam di rat nhieu. Vi vay co chung binh quang ga (night
blindness- nyctalopia) do thieu sinh to A ma ra.
Ke
toc kiem an vat va bang cach buoi moc trun, de duoi dat. Thuc an cua Ke toc rat da dang: thoc lua, cac
loai hot, co, trun, de, kien, moi, cac loai bo sat nho. Ga nuoi o nha an thoc lua, bap xay nhuyen,
cam v.v.
Ga
vao 05, 06 thang tuoi bat dau bat cap de sinh san. Trung binh moi con Ga mai de tu 08 den 12
trung. Trung ap trong 21 ngay (03 tuan
le) thi no con. Viec ap trung co the
khong can den su hien dien cua Ga me.
Nguoi ta co the ap trung bang trau .
Ngay nay nguoi ta ap trung bang may ap.
Ga con duoc Ga me cham soc trong vong 12 tuan. Sau do Ga con phai tu tuc kiem an va tu ve
lay minh chong lai cac ke thu cua Ke toc
nhu Dieu, Qua, Chon, Chuot v.v.
Xa
hoi Ke toc la xa hoi da the. Mot Ga
trong co the lam cong tac truyen giong cho
05 den 10 con Ga mai.
KE TOC TRONG XA HOI LOAI NGUOI
Ke
toc la loai cam vu som tiep xuc voi loai nguoi tu 5000 nam truoc Tay Lich o
Trung Hoa va 2000 nam truoc Tay Lich o An Do.
Tren mo cua Pharaoh Tutukhamen (1350 truoc Tay Lich) co hinh con
Ga. Ga duoc thuan hoa o Hy Lap vao the
ky V hay IV truoc Tay Lich.
Ke
toc cung cap cho loai nguoi mot nguon thit to lon. Loai nguoi khong phan biet ton giao, chung
toc deu an thit Ga. Nguoi theo An Giao
khong an thit bo. Nguoi theo Hoi Giao,
Do Thai Giao khong an thit heo. Nhung
toan the nhan loai deu an thit Ga. Ga de
nuoi, chong lon. Thit va trung la thuc
an bo duong. Long dung de lam choi long
Ga. Phan Ga dung de bon vao ot. Hien nay the gioi co 50 ty con Ga. Trung Hoa la quoc gia san xuat nhieu Ga nhat
the gioì voi 4 ty con. Ke do la Hoa Ky:
02 ty ; Indonesia: 1.8 ty; Brazil: 1.8 ty; An Do: 0.680 ty; Mexico: 0.540 ty
v.v.
Nguoi
Trung Hoa an Ga quay, Ga hap muoi, Ga xoi mo, Ga hap cai be xanh; chan Ga hap,
canh Ga chien bo. Nguoi Au- My an Ga ro-
ti, Ga nau ra gu, trung Ga chien nua
song nua chin. O Hoa Ky nguoi ta an
mon Fried Chicken Kentucky. Nguoi
Au- My lam thit Ga hop, sup thit Ga va nau xuong Ga de co Chicken Broth. Nguoi An Do an ca-ri Ga. Nguoi Viet Nam an tat ca cac mon ke tren cua
nguoi Trung Hoa, Phap va An Do. Nguoi
Viet Nam thich an Ga luoc xe phay tron voi rau ram hay rau que, bap chuoi, hanh
Tay. Ho cung thich mon Ga kho gung; Ga
xao lan, Ga xao sa ot, thit ga nau canh chua la dang Agnonerion polymorphum. Nguoi Viet Nam cho rang thit Ga nhiet va thit
Vit han dua tren quan sat Vit loi nuoc,
trai lai Ga so nuoc va chi tam cat ma thoi. Trong cac tiec cuoi o Viet Nam nguoi ta
thuong dai mon Ga rut xuong hay Phuong Hoang Ap Trung nau nuong cong phu va
trinh bay rat nghe thuat.
Loai
nguoi dung Ga Tre, Ga Noi de dau da nhau dam mau de ca do. Ga Noi duoc xem la vo si hang nang trong khi
Ga Tre la vo si hang long, hang ruoi. Da
Ga la mot thu vui va cung la thu co bac cua cac dan toc A Chau, Tay Ban Nha,
Trung va Nam My. Den the ky XIX thu vui
nay tran sang Anh.
Nguoi
Trung Hoa tam bo cho nguoi binh bang thit Ga Ac ham voi cac vi thuoc Bac. Ga Ac (White Silkies) la Ga nho con, long
trang nhu tuyet nhung thit den nhu than.
Nhung tai sao phai la Ga Ac? Su
suy luan dua tren ly Am- Duong Ngu Hanh nhu sau: Ga Ac long trang (Kim) tuong ung voi Phe
(Phoi); thit mau den (Thuy) tuong ung voi Than.
Ga duoc ham trong cai noi dat (Tho) co nuoc (Thuy), ham bang than cui
chay do (Hoa) voi cac vi duoc thao (Moc).
Nhu vay Ga Ac ham thuoc Bac hoi du Am- Duong Ngu Hanh (Kim, Moc, Thuy,
Hoa, Tho) boi bo cho Ngu Tang (Tam, Can, Ty, Phe, Than) cua nguoi binh trong
thoi ky binh phuc. De tang cuong hanh
Kim trong thuc an nay, sau khi ham Ga voi cac Bac duoc nguoi ta de mot con dao
tren mieng cai noi dat.
Tieng
Ga trong gay duoc xem nhu tieng dong ho bao thuc, tuong trung cho vang Thai
Duong luc rang dong. Nghe nhan Trung Hoa
thuong ve hinh con Ga trong voi mat troi do choi. Cac dao si tru yem ta ma bang cach dat tuong
con Ga tren mai nha. Nguoi Trung Hoa qui
Ga Ac vi cho rang Ga Ac xua duoi ta ma.
Trong nha ho thuong dat buc tranh Ga Ac trong va Ga Ac mai voi 05 Ga Ac
con tieu bieu cho Am Duong Ngu Hanh (Ga trong <+>, Ga mai <->; 05
Ga con: Ngu Hanh): Kim, Moc, Thuy, Hoa,
Tho voi hy vong gia dao duoc quan binh, em am va hanh phuc.
Theo
huyen thoai Nhat Ban, tieng Ga trong gay lam cho Thai Duong Than Nu Amaterasu
ra khoi hang dong. Ga trong la bieu
tuong cua su can dam doi voi nguoi Nhat.
Trong
huyen thoai Hy Lap co Ke Ma Hippalektryon, mot quai vat minh Ngua, duoi, canh
va chan Ga. Trong huyen thoai Hy Lap co
nhung moi tinh lan nhan giua cac vi Than.
Than Aphrodite, nu Than tinh yeu va hon nhan, an o voi Than Hephaestus
tren nui Olympia. Than Hephaestus co
tuong mao ky di nen nu Than Aphrodite co quan he tinh cam voi Than chien tranh
Ares. Thai Duong Than Helios cho
Hephaestus biet moi tinh tham kin giua Than Aphrodite va Than Ares. Thai Duong Than Helios bao cho Than
Hephaestus biet moi tinh tham kin giua nu Than
Aphrodite va Ares. Than Hephaestus
canh cao ca hai Than Aphrodite va Ares nhung ho van tiep tuc yeu nhau dam
duoi. Ho nho mot cau be canh chung khi
nao Than Thai Duong den gan thi cho ho hay.
Cau be buon ngu nen ngu quen.
Than Helios den ma cau khong he hay biet de bao cho Than Aphrodite va
Ares. Tuc gian ve su tac trach cua cau
be, Than Ares bien cau thanh mot con Ga trong de thong bao Thai Duong Than
Helios den dung gio.
Trong
Tan Uoc Kinh sach Matthew 26: 31, Mark 14:27, Luke 22:31-34, John 13: 36- 38 co
de cap den su tien doan cua Chua Jesus ve nguoi de tu luon luon gan bo voi Chua
la Peter sau bua tiec tien ly nhu sau: “Ta noi voi nguoi rang, truoc khi Ga
gay sang nguoi se choi ta ba lan.”
Vao thoi Trung Co nguoi Phap chon con
Ga trong lam quoc huy gol la Coq Gaulois (Gallic Rooster). Bieu tuong nay duoc goi lai trong thoi gian
1899- 1914. Hinh anh con Ga trong duoc
tim thay tren dong tien vang 20 Francs (Phat Lang) va tren tem tho cua Phap.
Trong
ngon tu cua loai nguoi chi thay cham biem, che nhao Ke toc nhieu hon la khen
ngoi. Nguoi Anh goi Ga la chicken
nhung chicken cung co nghia la nguoi hen nhat, nguoi dong tinh luyen
ai. Trong tieng long Cock (Ga
trong) co nghia la bo phan sinh duc cua nam gioi. Thuc te Ga trong dau co bo phan sinh
duc! Nguoi Anh co cau:
As proud as a cock on its own
dunghill
tuong duong voi cau:
Cho cay nha, Ga cay chuong.
cua nguoi Viet Nam. Trong ngon ngu cua loai nguoi co nhieu cum tu
ngu dung hinh anh cua Ke toc. Nguoi Anh
dung chicken pox de chi binh trai ra.
Nguoi Viet Nam tin rang nguoi bi binh trai ra dap phan Ga thi binh tro
nen tram trong hon. Nguoi Viet Nam dung
tu ke manh hay quang Ga (nyctalopia-
cecite crepusculaire)) de chi thi giac yeu thay lo mo khi troi toi vi thieu sinh to A.
- Tuoi cap Ke: tuoi lap gia dinh.
- Ke bi: da Ga chi da nhan dun cua nguoi gia.
- Ke bi Hac phat: gia nua, da nhan nhu da Ga; toc bac chu loai
Hac trang.
- Ke dau nhuc: num vu cua phu nu
- Ke Khuyen bat minh: thoi tao loan Cho khong sua, Ga khong gay.
- Ke lac cong danh: cong danh nhu suon Ga. An khong ngon nhung khong no bo.
- Ke minh Khuyen phe: canh thai binh co
tieng Cho sua va tieng Ga gay.
- Ke tranh Nga dau: su ray ra, dau tranh am i giua Ga va Vit (hay
Ngong).
- Ke quan Hac lap: con Hac giua bay Ga (Hac tuong trung cho
nguoi cao khiet. Dan Ga tuong trung cho
nguoi tam thuong)
- Ke gian: hinh thuc giao hop khong hop
voi tu nhien.
- Ke hon huong: mui thom cua mot loai
nhang thom lam cho nguoi ngui me hon den khi Ga gay sang moi tinh day.
- Ga de Ga cuc tac: vo tinh noi ra dieu minh da lam mac du khong
ai biet.
- Ga trong nuoi con: canh nguoi dan ong
goa vo phai thay vo nuoi con.
- Mat Ga mai: nguoi co mat Ga mai hay
thu dai va hiem doc.
- Ga mai gay: la diem bat lanh. Noi co Ga mai gay co chuyen bat lanh nhu hoa
tai hay trom dao.
- Ga mai da Ga Co: canh vo an hiep chong
- Ga mo cua ma: am chi nguoi tho khao,
cham chap, vung ve. Ga mo cua ma luon
luon la Ga mai. Nguoi Viet Nam tin rang
Ga mo cua ma la Ga de nhieu trung.
Trong
ca dao Viet Nam ve Ga co cau:
Mau Ga thi tam xuong Ga.
Mau Ga dem tam xuong ta sao danh.
Theo cach chua
tri co truyen, khi gay xuong, nguoi ta dung Ga con bo vao noi xuong gay. Do do co cau:
Cho lien da,
Ga lien xuong.
Trong
truyen ke ve Cong Quynh dem Ga trong thien (capon) da voi Ga choi cua cac höan
quan thoi vua Le Chua Trinh. Do la hinh
thuc cham choc cac hoan quan long quyen o Dang Ngoai thoi bay gio.
Duoi
thoi Phap thuoc co chuyen An- Co On (Encore Un: Them Mot Cai Nua) lien quan den
mon Ga ro- ti o cac cao lau Trung Hoa o Viet Nam. Cau chuyen khoi hai nay phan anh phan nao
tinh kieu ngao cua nhung thi dan Viet Nam hap thu Tay hoc che nhao su dot nat
tieng Phap cua nguoi nong thon nen muon an Ga ro-ti lai goi mam ham vi hai lan!
Trong
thuc vat hoc co Ke quan hoa (Hoa Mong Ga) Celosia cristata; Ke thiet
huong tuc cay dinh huong Syzygium aromaticum; co Chan Ga Dactylis
glomerata; Chickweed (Ke Thao) Stellaria media; Chicken pea (Dau An
Do) Cicer arietinum; Chicken of the wood (Nam Ke Moc) Laetiporus
sulphurus v.v.
Trong
Thien Van Hoc co chom sao Gallus (Ke Tinh) do tu si Giao Hoi Cai Cach Hoa Lan
Petrus Plancius kham pha nam 1613.
Petrus Plancius la mot nha tinh tu hoc nghien cuu hang hai va ve ban
do. Tu nam 1596 ong da ve ban do Dong
Nam A trong do co Nam Ky, Cambodia, Champa (Chiem Thanh) v.v. Sao Gallus duoc thay the bang ten moi: chom
sao Puppis (Puppis: San sau cua chiec
tau).
Trong De
40 so, con Ga mang so 28 sau con Rua (27) va truoc con Luon (29).
Con
Ga la mot trong 12 bieu tuong trong Tu Vi Trung Hoa. Nam Dau (con Ga) di sau nam Than (con Khi) va
di truoc nam Tuat (con Cho).
Tuoi
Dau hop voi Ty (Ran), Dau (Ga), Suu (Trau), Thin (Rong)
Tuoi
Dau ky voi: Ti (Chuot), Ngo (Ngua), Mao (Meo), Tuat (Cho).
Nam
Dau la nam Am (-). Ta co:
Nam Hanh Mau Sac
At Dau: 1885, 1945, 2005, 2065 Thuy Den
Dinh Dau: 1897, 1957, 2017, 2077 Hoa Do
Ky Dau: 1909, 1969, 2029, 2089 Tho Vang
Tan Dau: 1921, 1981, 2041, 2101 Moc Xanh
Qui Dau: 1933, 1993, 2053, 2113 Kim Trang
BIEN CO LICH SU VAO NAM DAU VAO THE
KY XX
* 1909: Colombia cong nhan doc lap cua Panama; quan doi
Hoa Ky rut khoi Cuba sau chien tranh voi Tay Ban Nha; do doc Peary den Bac Cuc;
hiep uoc Phap- Duc ve van de Morocco; Wright thu nghiem chiec phi co quan su
dau tien cua Hoa Ky; Ito Hirofumi bi mot nguoi Trieu Tien am sat chet o Man
Chau; hiep uoc Anh- Xiem La theo do Xiem
nhuong cac tieu bang Kelantan, Trenggaru, Perlis va Kedah cho Anh.
* 1921: hoi nghi Washington; dang
Cong San thanh lap o Y, Trung Hoa, Tiep Khac, Tay Ban Nha; Cong San Nga xam
lang Georgia; Ai Nhi Lan doc lap; Noite Sargrento (Dem Dam Mau) o Lisbon (Bo
Dao Nha); 05 trieu nguoi Nga chet doi.
* 1933:
Adolf Hitler nam chanh quyen; to chuc mat vu Gestapo (Geheime Staat-
spolizei); Francis Perkins, nu bo truong dau tien cua Hoa Ky (bo Lao Dong);
Chuong Trinh T.V.A (Tennessee Valley Authority); Toa An Quoc Te La Hague tuyen
bo Greenland thuoc chu quyen cua Dan Mach; nha bac hoc Albert Einstein den ty
nan o Hoa Ky; Chanh Phu Nhan Dan Fujian (Phuc Kien).
* 1945:
nan doi o Bac Bo; Nhat dao chanh Phap tren ban dao Dong Duong; chanh phu
Tran Trong Kim; hoi nghi Yalta; tong thong Roosevelt mat; hoi nghi Potsdam;
Hiroshima va Nagasaki bi toi bom nguyen tu; Duc va Nhat dau hang quan Dong
Minh; Ho Chi Minh doc Tuyen Ngon Doc Lap khai sinh ra Viet Nam Dan Chu Cong
Hoa.
* 1957: Do Thai rut quan ra khoi ban
dao Sinai ma ho chiem nam 1956; tong thong Phi Luat Tan Magsaysay chet trong
tai nan phi co; Ma Lai doc lap; Lien So phong ve tinh nhan tao Sputnik I &
II; tong thong Sukarno cua Indonesia quoc huu hoa 246 co so kinh doanh cua Hoa
Lan va truc xuat 326,000 nguoi Hoa Lan ra khoi Indonesia; Mao Zedong (Mao Trach
Dong) xac nhan thanh toan 800,000 ‘ke thu giai cap’ <vo san> tu nam 1949
den 1954; hiep uoc Rome ve viec thanh lap Cong Dong Kinh Te Au Chau (European
Economic Community- EEC); cai cach dien dia o Nam Viet Nam.
* 1969: Ho Chi Minh chet; Viet Nam hoa
chien tranh; chien tranh bien gioi giua Trung Quoc va Lien So tren dao
Damansky; Hoa Ky dua nguoi len cung trang; bieu tinh chong Chien Tranh Viet Nam
o Washington D.C; chanh phu Cong Hoa Mien Nam Viet Nam (Mat Tran).
* 1981: Iran tha 52 con tin Hoa Ky;
Jiang Qing (Giang Thanh), vo Mao Zedong, bi tuyen an tu hinh (khong co hanh
quyet); Giao hoang John Paul II bi am sat (bi thuong); tong thong Reagan bi am
sat (bi thuong); tong thong Sadat (Ai Cap) bi am sat chet; hon le giua thai tu
Charles (Anh) va Diana Spencer; Sandra Day O’Connor la nu tham phan Toi Cao
Phap Vien dau tien cua Hoa Ky; Mitterand cua dang Xa Hoi Phap dac cu tong thong
Phap lan dau tien.
* 1993: Tiep Khac chia ra lam hai nuoc:
Cong Hoa Tiep Khac (Bohemia) va Slovakia; Jiang Zemin (Giang Trach Dan) duoc de
cu lam chu tich CHNDTQ; dao chanh o Guatemala; PLO (To Chuc Giai Phong
Palestine) nhin nhan nuoc Do Thai; hiep uoc hoa binh Do Thai- PLO; Sihanouk tro
lai ngai vang Cambodia; hiep uoc Maastricht ve Lien Au; Vatican nhin nhan Do
Thai.
* 2005:
Condoleezza Rice la nu bo truong Ngoai Giao goc Phi Chau dau tien o Hoa
Ky; cuu thu tuong Lebanon, Hariri bi am sat chet; Hong Y Joseph Ratzinger duoc bau lam Giao Hoang nien hieu Benedict
XVI; Tay Ban Nha hop thuc hoa hon nhan dong tinh; Michaelle Jean la toan quyen
Da Den dau tien o Canada; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf la nu tong thong dau tien o
Liberia va tren luc dia Phi Chau; Nguyen Van Tuong bi hanh quyet o Singapore ve
toi buon ban ma tuy.
YEU NHAN THE GIOI SINH VAO NAM DAU
Barry Goldwater (1909- 1998)
Ong Goldwater la nguoi Hoa Ky goc Do
Thai dau tien duoc dang Cong Hoa dua ra tranh cu tong thong nam 1964. Ong tot nghiep truong Vo Bi Stauton tu o
Virginia va dai hoc Arizona. Ong la mot
nha kinh doanh, si quan Khong Quan va mot nha chanh tri thuoc dang Cong
Hoa. Ong la nghi si cua tieu bang sinh
quan Arizona 05 nhiem ky: hai nhiem ky tu nam 1953 den 1965 va 03 nhiem ky tu
nam 1969 den 1987.
Nam
1964 ong duoc dang Cong Hoa dua ra tranh chuc tong thong duong dau voi ung cu
vien dang Dan Chu Lyndon B. Johnson. Ong
Johnson hanh su chuc vu tong thong tu nam 1963 den 1964 sau khi tong thong
Kennedy bi am sat chet. Ong Goldwater that
cu truoc Johnson vi co chu truong cung
ran ve bien phap cham dut chien tranh
Viet Nam va co duong loi khong thuan loi cho nguoi Da Den nen bi nguoi Da Den
bieu tinh phan doi du doi. Ong la nguoi
co uy tin trong dang Cong Hoa. Chinh ong
la nguoi dau tien khuyen tong thong Nixon tu chuc vi vu Watergate.
U Thant (1909- 1974)
U Thant la nguoi Mien Dien, tong tho
ky thu ba cua Lien Hiep Quoc va la nguoi A Chau dau tien giu chuc vu nay. Ong la nha giao duc tot nghiep dai hoc
Rangoon va la ban than cua thu tuong U Nu.
Khi U Nu lam thu tuong ong la giam doc dai phat thanh (1948) roi tong
truong bo Thong Tin. Tu nam 1951 den
1957 ong viet dien van cho thu tuong U Nu.
Tu
nam 1961 den 1971 ong giu chuc tong tho ky Lien Hiep Quoc thay the ong Daj
Hammarskjold chet trong mot tai nan phi co.
Trong thoi gian dung dau to chuc quoc te nay ong doi dau voi van de
Congo, khung hoang Cuba giua Hoa Ky va Lien So, chien tranh Viet Nam, van de
Berlin. Ong chi trich Hoa Ky trong chien
tranh Viet Nam. Chiu anh huong sau dam
cua triet ly Phat Giao, U Thant la nguoi hien hoa, ua chuong hoa binh. Ong nguong mo Sir Stafford Cripps, Sun Yatsen
(Ton Dat Tien) va Mahatma Gandhi. Tuong
Ne Win khong ua thich ong vi ong la ban than cua U Nu ma Ne Win lat do. Ong co nhieu danh du tren the gioi nhung khong co danh du gi voi
che do quan nhan o Mien Dien. Ngay ong
mat quan tai cua ong duoc cho tu tru so LHQ ve Mien Dien. Khong mot vien chuc nao cua chanh phu quan
nhan duoc cu ra phi truong chao don linh cuu cua ong. Mot thu truong bo Giao Duc ra phi truong
nghieng minh truoc quan tai cua ong bi mat chuc sau do. Sinh vien bieu tinh chong che do doc tai quan
nhan doi xu te bac doi voi mot nhan vat Mien Dien duoc ca the gioi vinh
danh. Nguoi Mien Dien goi ong la
Pantanaw U Thant tuc ong U Thant Pantanaw (Pantanaw: sinh quan cua ong).
Aung San Suu Kyi (1945- )
Aung San Suu Kyi la nu chanh tri gia,
ngoai giao, tac gia cua nhieu quyen sach chanh tri o Mien Dien. Ba la con gai cua nha cach mang va tuong
lanh co cong thanh lap quan doi Mien Dien trong de nhi the chien: Aung
San. Trong de nhi the chien ong Aung San
duoc Nhat huan luyen quan su tren dao Hainan (Hai Nam). Ong duoc huy chuong cao qui cua Nhat hoang
Hirohito.
Nam
1947 ong dai dien Mien Dien sang London thuong thuyet voi chanh phu Anh ve viec
trao tra doc lap cho Mien Dien. Cung nam
nay ong bi am sat chet. Luc ay Aung San
Suu Kyi moi hai tuoi. Duoc su huong dan
cua me, Aung San Suu Ky hoc o Mien Dien,
New Delhi roi Anh Quoc. Ba tot
nghiep dai hoc o Oxford roi dai hoc London.
Ba noi thong Anh, Phap va Nhat ngu. Chong
ba Ang San Suu Kyi la nguoi Anh. Ba tung
lam viec cho Lien Hiep Quoc khi ong U Thant la tong tho ky cua to chuc
nay. Nam 1988 ba ve nuoc tham me bi binh
nang va o lai Mien Dien bat dau dau tranh chong che do doc tai quan doi. Ba thanh lap Lien Minh Quoc Gia Dan Chu
(NLD: National League for
Democracy). Lien Minh cua ba chiem 81%
phieu bau trong cuoc bau cu nam 1990.
Cac tuong lanh phu nhan ket qua cuoc bau cu va quan thuc ba tai gia ngot
20 nam truong. Nam 2010, do ap luc cua
LHQ, Anh, Hoa Ky va vi tinh trang kinh te quoc gia be rac cong them tinh trang
Mien Dien tren da bi Han hoa ve chanh tri va kinh te nang ne, phe quan nhan co
vai nhan nhuong chanh tri. Ba Aung San
Suu Kyi duoc tu do. Trong ky bau cu bo
tuc nam 2012 Lien Minh cua ba chiem 43/ 45 ghe trong trong Quoc Hoi. Trong ky bau cu nam 2015 Lien Minh Quoc Gia
Dan Chu chiem 86% tong so ghe trong Quoc Hoi.
Nhung ba khong duoc lam tong thong theo hien dinh vi ba co chong va con
ngoai quoc. Ong Htin Kyaw lam tong
thong, ba la tong truong bo Ngoai Giao va tong truong bo Phu Tong Thong.
Ba
Aung San Suu Kyi duoc giai Sakharov, Nobel Hoa Binh, huan chuong Nehru
v.v. Chong ba lanh giai thuong Nobel
thay cho ba vi ba khong duoc roi khoi Mien Dien va, neu ba roi Mien Dien, ba
khong duoc tro ve Mien Dien! Aung San
Suu Kyi la mot nu chanh tri gia A Chau co tam voc quoc te, Ba co can dam va quyet tam chong lai che do
doc tai quan su thong tri tren que huong ba.
Hai cuoc bau cu trong sach nam 2012 va 2015 danh dau mot buoc tien kha
dai cua Mien Dien trong viec xay dung mot nen dan chu au tri sau tren nua the
ky duoi che do doc tai quan su dua dat nuoc vao tinh trang tu co lap va lac
hau.
Andrei Sakharov (1921- 1989)
Andrei Sakharov la mot nha vat ly
trong chuong trinh san xuat bom nguyen tu va khinh khi cua Lien So. Ong hoc dai hoc Moscow va lay bang tien si ve
vat ly nam 24 tuoi. Nam 27 tuoi ong la
thanh vien trong chuong trinh khao cuu va san xuat bom nguyen tu. Nhung Sakharov co linh cam rang dinh menh cua
ong se giong nhu nha bac hoc Oppenheimer o Hoa Ky.
Song
trong mot nuoc Cong San nhung ong can dam van dong tai giam binh bi va dau
tranh cho hoa binh va nhan quyen. Nam
1975 ong duoc giai thuong Nobel Hoa Binh nhung ong bi cam khong cho roi khoi
Lien So. Vo ong, Yelena Bonner, lanh giai thuong thay ong. Sakharov duoc menh danh la phat ngon vien
cua luong tri nhan loai. Nam 1980
ong chong lai su xam lang cua Lien So vao Afghanistan. Ong bi KGB xem la ke noi thu nguy hiem nen
quan thuc ong o thanh pho Gorky bay gio la Nizhny Novgorod. Nam 1984 ong bi xu 05 nam tu sau vu tuyet
thuc doi tra tu do cho vo ong va cho ba sang Hoa Ky giai phau tim. Mot mat chanh quyen to ra cung ran, mat khac
lai cho vo ong sang Hoa Ky giai phau tim.
Nam 1986 vo ong tro lai Gorky.
Khi Gorbachov cam quyen o Lien So Sakharov va vo duoc phep tro ve
Moscow. Ong mat nam 1989 nhu mot nguoi
anh hung duoc dan chung ton sung va cam men.
Chinh Gorbachov cung to ra qui trong ong.
Nhat Hoang Akihito (1933- )
Nhat
hoang Akihito la Nhat hoang thu 125 cua Nhat Ban. Ong len ngoi nam 1989 sau khi than phu cua
ong la Nhat hoang Hirohito bang ha nam 1989.
Thai
tu Akihito duoc giao duc trong hoang cung.
Trong thoi chien tranh ong tam thoi roi khoi Tokyo. Sau khi chien tranh cham dut thai tu duoc ba
Elizabeth Gray Vining, mot nu quan thu thu vien Hoa Ky, phu dao tieng Anh. Ong say me nghien cuu ve hai duong hoc. Nam 1953 thai tu Akihito thay mat hoang gia
Nhat tham du le dang quang cua nu hoang Elizabeth II o London. Nam 1959 thai tu ket hon voi mot thu dan, con
gai cua mot chu tich Cong Ty Bot Mi Nisshin, Michiko Shoda, ma ong quen tren
san quan vot. Michiko Shoda la mot my
nu, thong minh, hap thu van hoa Tay Phuong.
Nam 1957 ba tot nghiep dai hoc Thien Chua Giao o Tokyo ve van chuong voi
hang Summa Cum laude va cu nhan Anh Van.
Cuoc hon nhan giua thai tu Akihito va Michiko Shoda la cuoc hon nhan
cach mang dau tien trong hoang trieu Nhat Ban giua mot nguoi hoang toc va mot thu dan.
Thai tu
Akihito va cong nuong Michiko Shoda cong du 37 quoc gia. Sau khi len ngoi, Nhat hoang va hoang hau
cong du 18 quoc gia.
Nhat
hoang Akihito va hoang hau Michiko Shoda co hai hoang tu va mot cong chua. Cong chua Sayako tuc Nori co chong la Yoshiki
Kuroda, mot thu dan (2005). Vi vay ba
tro thanh thu dan duoi ten Sayako Kuroda.
Ba nhan cua hoi mon 1.29 trieu My kim, roi hoang cung song trong mot can
nha binh thuong, ngung nghien cuu dieu cam hoc (ornithology) va bat dau tap lai
xe va di mua sam nhu moi phu nu Nhat khac.
Nhat hoang Akihito duoc mo ta nhu mot nha lanh
dao hien hoa, gan dan va yeu chuong hoa binh.
Nam 2011 Nhat Ban bi dong dat va song than. Nhat hoang voi va den noi bi dong dat va song
than tan pha de an ui than dan. Nam ay
Nhat hoang bi viem phoi phai nhap binh vien.
Truoc do Nhat hoang trai qua mot cuoc giai phau ung thu tuyen tien liet. Nam 2012 ong trai qua mot cuoc giai phau de
thong tim. Vi ly do suc khoe Nhat hoang
Akihito nhu co y muon thoai vi. Do la
dieu hiem co trong lich su hoang trieu Nhat Ban.
Nhat
hoang Akihito duoc dan chung Nhat yeu men nhu ho tung yeu men cac Nhat hoang
tien trieu. Nam 1995 Nhat hoang va hoang
hau tham vieng cac dai ky niem chien tranh o Tokyo, Hiroshima, Nagasaki,
Okinawa. Nam 2005 Nhat hoang tham vieng
dao Saipan noi xay ra tran danh dam mau giua quan Nhat va Hoa Ky nam 1944. Dao Saipan bay gio la lanh tho cua Hoa Ky.
****
De
nhat phu nhan Nancy Reagan (1909- 2016), nu tham phan Toi Cao Phap Vien Hoa Ky
Ruth Badis Ginsburg (1933-), nu tong thong Phi Luat Tan Corazon Aquino (1933-
2009), thu tuong Do Thai Ehud Olmert (1945-), tong thong Brazil Luiz Ignacio
Lulada Silva (1945-), Caroline Kennedy (1957-), ai nu co tong thong Kennedy va
dai su Hoa Ky o Nhat, trum khung bo Osama Bin Laden (1957- 2011)…deu sinh vao
nam Dau.
Tan Nien Dinh Dau
Van Phuc Dao Lam Mon.
Nam
2017 la nam Dinh Dau tuc la nam con Ga.
Theo Han- Viet, Ga la Ke. Nguoi
Anh goi Ga trong la Cock hay Rooster; Ga mai: Hen va Ga an thit duoc la
Chicken. Theo thu tu tren nguoi Phap co
Coq, Poule va Poulet. Trong bai viet nay
chung ta tim hieu so luoc ve Ke toc
trong cong dong loai nguoi.
NGUON GOC VA THAN THE KE TOC
Ga
la loai cam vu co long canh nhu chim, de trung va ap cho trung no ra Ga con. Ga co the bay nhung khong the bay cao va xa
nhu Chim vi than hinh nang ne. Que quan
cua Ke toc la vung Nam A va Dong Nam A.
To tien cua Ke toc la Ga Rung long do, vang, xanh, trang; mo vang va
nhon. Ten khoa hoc cua to tien Ke toc la
Gallus gallus. Ten Ga duoc thuan
hoa la Gallus gallus domesticus thuoc gia dinh Phasianidae.
Ga
trong co long dep hon Ga mai. Ga thuong
co cac mau long sau day: long den (Ga
Qua); long trang (Ga Ac, Ga Ri); long mau hon hop do, vang, den, xanh, trang
trong dep mat; long mau do (Ga Dieu), long mau vang (Ga Phen); long co dom
trang den, vang (Ga No).
To
tien Ke toc tren the gioi co 05 chi toc lon:
1.
Gallus gallus murghi o mien bac va dong bac An Do
2.
Gallus gallus spadiceus o Yunnan (Van Nam), Mien Dien, Thai Lan, Ma Lai, Indonesia.
3.
Gallus gallus jabouillei o Bac Bo Viet Nam, Yunnan, Hainan (dao Hai Nam)
4.
Gallus gallus gallus o Bac Bo Viet Nam, Thai Lan, Lao, Cambodia
5.
Gallus gallus bankiva tren dao Sumatra, Java, Bali (Indonesia).
Thi
giac va thinh giac cua Ke toc rat ben nhay.
Nhung vao buoi toi thi giac cua Ke toc giam di rat nhieu. Vi vay co chung binh quang ga (night
blindness- nyctalopia) do thieu sinh to A ma ra.
Ke
toc kiem an vat va bang cach buoi moc trun, de duoi dat. Thuc an cua Ke toc rat da dang: thoc lua, cac
loai hot, co, trun, de, kien, moi, cac loai bo sat nho. Ga nuoi o nha an thoc lua, bap xay nhuyen,
cam v.v.
Ga
vao 05, 06 thang tuoi bat dau bat cap de sinh san. Trung binh moi con Ga mai de tu 08 den 12
trung. Trung ap trong 21 ngay (03 tuan
le) thi no con. Viec ap trung co the
khong can den su hien dien cua Ga me.
Nguoi ta co the ap trung bang trau .
Ngay nay nguoi ta ap trung bang may ap.
Ga con duoc Ga me cham soc trong vong 12 tuan. Sau do Ga con phai tu tuc kiem an va tu ve
lay minh chong lai cac ke thu cua Ke toc
nhu Dieu, Qua, Chon, Chuot v.v.
Xa
hoi Ke toc la xa hoi da the. Mot Ga
trong co the lam cong tac truyen giong cho
05 den 10 con Ga mai.
KE TOC TRONG XA HOI LOAI NGUOI
Ke
toc la loai cam vu som tiep xuc voi loai nguoi tu 5000 nam truoc Tay Lich o
Trung Hoa va 2000 nam truoc Tay Lich o An Do.
Tren mo cua Pharaoh Tutukhamen (1350 truoc Tay Lich) co hinh con
Ga. Ga duoc thuan hoa o Hy Lap vao the
ky V hay IV truoc Tay Lich.
Ke
toc cung cap cho loai nguoi mot nguon thit to lon. Loai nguoi khong phan biet ton giao, chung
toc deu an thit Ga. Nguoi theo An Giao
khong an thit bo. Nguoi theo Hoi Giao,
Do Thai Giao khong an thit heo. Nhung
toan the nhan loai deu an thit Ga. Ga de
nuoi, chong lon. Thit va trung la thuc
an bo duong. Long dung de lam choi long
Ga. Phan Ga dung de bon vao ot. Hien nay the gioi co 50 ty con Ga. Trung Hoa la quoc gia san xuat nhieu Ga nhat
the gioì voi 4 ty con. Ke do la Hoa Ky:
02 ty ; Indonesia: 1.8 ty; Brazil: 1.8 ty; An Do: 0.680 ty; Mexico: 0.540 ty
v.v.
Nguoi
Trung Hoa an Ga quay, Ga hap muoi, Ga xoi mo, Ga hap cai be xanh; chan Ga hap,
canh Ga chien bo. Nguoi Au- My an Ga ro-
ti, Ga nau ra gu, trung Ga chien nua
song nua chin. O Hoa Ky nguoi ta an
mon Fried Chicken Kentucky. Nguoi
Au- My lam thit Ga hop, sup thit Ga va nau xuong Ga de co Chicken Broth. Nguoi An Do an ca-ri Ga. Nguoi Viet Nam an tat ca cac mon ke tren cua
nguoi Trung Hoa, Phap va An Do. Nguoi
Viet Nam thich an Ga luoc xe phay tron voi rau ram hay rau que, bap chuoi, hanh
Tay. Ho cung thich mon Ga kho gung; Ga
xao lan, Ga xao sa ot, thit ga nau canh chua la dang Agnonerion polymorphum. Nguoi Viet Nam cho rang thit Ga nhiet va thit
Vit han dua tren quan sat Vit loi nuoc,
trai lai Ga so nuoc va chi tam cat ma thoi. Trong cac tiec cuoi o Viet Nam nguoi ta
thuong dai mon Ga rut xuong hay Phuong Hoang Ap Trung nau nuong cong phu va
trinh bay rat nghe thuat.
Loai
nguoi dung Ga Tre, Ga Noi de dau da nhau dam mau de ca do. Ga Noi duoc xem la vo si hang nang trong khi
Ga Tre la vo si hang long, hang ruoi. Da
Ga la mot thu vui va cung la thu co bac cua cac dan toc A Chau, Tay Ban Nha,
Trung va Nam My. Den the ky XIX thu vui
nay tran sang Anh.
Nguoi
Trung Hoa tam bo cho nguoi binh bang thit Ga Ac ham voi cac vi thuoc Bac. Ga Ac (White Silkies) la Ga nho con, long
trang nhu tuyet nhung thit den nhu than.
Nhung tai sao phai la Ga Ac? Su
suy luan dua tren ly Am- Duong Ngu Hanh nhu sau: Ga Ac long trang (Kim) tuong ung voi Phe
(Phoi); thit mau den (Thuy) tuong ung voi Than.
Ga duoc ham trong cai noi dat (Tho) co nuoc (Thuy), ham bang than cui
chay do (Hoa) voi cac vi duoc thao (Moc).
Nhu vay Ga Ac ham thuoc Bac hoi du Am- Duong Ngu Hanh (Kim, Moc, Thuy,
Hoa, Tho) boi bo cho Ngu Tang (Tam, Can, Ty, Phe, Than) cua nguoi binh trong
thoi ky binh phuc. De tang cuong hanh
Kim trong thuc an nay, sau khi ham Ga voi cac Bac duoc nguoi ta de mot con dao
tren mieng cai noi dat.
Tieng
Ga trong gay duoc xem nhu tieng dong ho bao thuc, tuong trung cho vang Thai
Duong luc rang dong. Nghe nhan Trung Hoa
thuong ve hinh con Ga trong voi mat troi do choi. Cac dao si tru yem ta ma bang cach dat tuong
con Ga tren mai nha. Nguoi Trung Hoa qui
Ga Ac vi cho rang Ga Ac xua duoi ta ma.
Trong nha ho thuong dat buc tranh Ga Ac trong va Ga Ac mai voi 05 Ga Ac
con tieu bieu cho Am Duong Ngu Hanh (Ga trong <+>, Ga mai <->; 05
Ga con: Ngu Hanh): Kim, Moc, Thuy, Hoa,
Tho voi hy vong gia dao duoc quan binh, em am va hanh phuc.
Theo
huyen thoai Nhat Ban, tieng Ga trong gay lam cho Thai Duong Than Nu Amaterasu
ra khoi hang dong. Ga trong la bieu
tuong cua su can dam doi voi nguoi Nhat.
Trong
huyen thoai Hy Lap co Ke Ma Hippalektryon, mot quai vat minh Ngua, duoi, canh
va chan Ga. Trong huyen thoai Hy Lap co
nhung moi tinh lan nhan giua cac vi Than.
Than Aphrodite, nu Than tinh yeu va hon nhan, an o voi Than Hephaestus
tren nui Olympia. Than Hephaestus co
tuong mao ky di nen nu Than Aphrodite co quan he tinh cam voi Than chien tranh
Ares. Thai Duong Than Helios cho
Hephaestus biet moi tinh tham kin giua Than Aphrodite va Than Ares. Thai Duong Than Helios bao cho Than
Hephaestus biet moi tinh tham kin giua nu Than
Aphrodite va Ares. Than Hephaestus
canh cao ca hai Than Aphrodite va Ares nhung ho van tiep tuc yeu nhau dam
duoi. Ho nho mot cau be canh chung khi
nao Than Thai Duong den gan thi cho ho hay.
Cau be buon ngu nen ngu quen.
Than Helios den ma cau khong he hay biet de bao cho Than Aphrodite va
Ares. Tuc gian ve su tac trach cua cau
be, Than Ares bien cau thanh mot con Ga trong de thong bao Thai Duong Than
Helios den dung gio.
Trong
Tan Uoc Kinh sach Matthew 26: 31, Mark 14:27, Luke 22:31-34, John 13: 36- 38 co
de cap den su tien doan cua Chua Jesus ve nguoi de tu luon luon gan bo voi Chua
la Peter sau bua tiec tien ly nhu sau: “Ta noi voi nguoi rang, truoc khi Ga
gay sang nguoi se choi ta ba lan.”
Vao thoi Trung Co nguoi Phap chon con
Ga trong lam quoc huy gol la Coq Gaulois (Gallic Rooster). Bieu tuong nay duoc goi lai trong thoi gian
1899- 1914. Hinh anh con Ga trong duoc
tim thay tren dong tien vang 20 Francs (Phat Lang) va tren tem tho cua Phap.
Trong
ngon tu cua loai nguoi chi thay cham biem, che nhao Ke toc nhieu hon la khen
ngoi. Nguoi Anh goi Ga la chicken
nhung chicken cung co nghia la nguoi hen nhat, nguoi dong tinh luyen
ai. Trong tieng long Cock (Ga
trong) co nghia la bo phan sinh duc cua nam gioi. Thuc te Ga trong dau co bo phan sinh
duc! Nguoi Anh co cau:
As proud as a cock on its own
dunghill
tuong duong voi cau:
Cho cay nha, Ga cay chuong.
cua nguoi Viet Nam. Trong ngon ngu cua loai nguoi co nhieu cum tu
ngu dung hinh anh cua Ke toc. Nguoi Anh
dung chicken pox de chi binh trai ra.
Nguoi Viet Nam tin rang nguoi bi binh trai ra dap phan Ga thi binh tro
nen tram trong hon. Nguoi Viet Nam dung
tu ke manh hay quang Ga (nyctalopia-
cecite crepusculaire)) de chi thi giac yeu thay lo mo khi troi toi vi thieu sinh to A.
- Tuoi cap Ke: tuoi lap gia dinh.
- Ke bi: da Ga chi da nhan dun cua nguoi gia.
- Ke bi Hac phat: gia nua, da nhan nhu da Ga; toc bac chu loai
Hac trang.
- Ke dau nhuc: num vu cua phu nu
- Ke Khuyen bat minh: thoi tao loan Cho khong sua, Ga khong gay.
- Ke lac cong danh: cong danh nhu suon Ga. An khong ngon nhung khong no bo.
- Ke minh Khuyen phe: canh thai binh co
tieng Cho sua va tieng Ga gay.
- Ke tranh Nga dau: su ray ra, dau tranh am i giua Ga va Vit (hay
Ngong).
- Ke quan Hac lap: con Hac giua bay Ga (Hac tuong trung cho
nguoi cao khiet. Dan Ga tuong trung cho
nguoi tam thuong)
- Ke gian: hinh thuc giao hop khong hop
voi tu nhien.
- Ke hon huong: mui thom cua mot loai
nhang thom lam cho nguoi ngui me hon den khi Ga gay sang moi tinh day.
- Ga de Ga cuc tac: vo tinh noi ra dieu minh da lam mac du khong
ai biet.
- Ga trong nuoi con: canh nguoi dan ong
goa vo phai thay vo nuoi con.
- Mat Ga mai: nguoi co mat Ga mai hay
thu dai va hiem doc.
- Ga mai gay: la diem bat lanh. Noi co Ga mai gay co chuyen bat lanh nhu hoa
tai hay trom dao.
- Ga mai da Ga Co: canh vo an hiep chong
- Ga mo cua ma: am chi nguoi tho khao,
cham chap, vung ve. Ga mo cua ma luon
luon la Ga mai. Nguoi Viet Nam tin rang
Ga mo cua ma la Ga de nhieu trung.
Trong
ca dao Viet Nam ve Ga co cau:
Mau Ga thi tam xuong Ga.
Mau Ga dem tam xuong ta sao danh.
Theo cach chua
tri co truyen, khi gay xuong, nguoi ta dung Ga con bo vao noi xuong gay. Do do co cau:
Cho lien da,
Ga lien xuong.
Trong
truyen ke ve Cong Quynh dem Ga trong thien (capon) da voi Ga choi cua cac höan
quan thoi vua Le Chua Trinh. Do la hinh
thuc cham choc cac hoan quan long quyen o Dang Ngoai thoi bay gio.
Duoi
thoi Phap thuoc co chuyen An- Co On (Encore Un: Them Mot Cai Nua) lien quan den
mon Ga ro- ti o cac cao lau Trung Hoa o Viet Nam. Cau chuyen khoi hai nay phan anh phan nao
tinh kieu ngao cua nhung thi dan Viet Nam hap thu Tay hoc che nhao su dot nat
tieng Phap cua nguoi nong thon nen muon an Ga ro-ti lai goi mam ham vi hai lan!
Trong
thuc vat hoc co Ke quan hoa (Hoa Mong Ga) Celosia cristata; Ke thiet
huong tuc cay dinh huong Syzygium aromaticum; co Chan Ga Dactylis
glomerata; Chickweed (Ke Thao) Stellaria media; Chicken pea (Dau An
Do) Cicer arietinum; Chicken of the wood (Nam Ke Moc) Laetiporus
sulphurus v.v.
Trong
Thien Van Hoc co chom sao Gallus (Ke Tinh) do tu si Giao Hoi Cai Cach Hoa Lan
Petrus Plancius kham pha nam 1613.
Petrus Plancius la mot nha tinh tu hoc nghien cuu hang hai va ve ban
do. Tu nam 1596 ong da ve ban do Dong
Nam A trong do co Nam Ky, Cambodia, Champa (Chiem Thanh) v.v. Sao Gallus duoc thay the bang ten moi: chom
sao Puppis (Puppis: San sau cua chiec
tau).
Trong De
40 so, con Ga mang so 28 sau con Rua (27) va truoc con Luon (29).
Con
Ga la mot trong 12 bieu tuong trong Tu Vi Trung Hoa. Nam Dau (con Ga) di sau nam Than (con Khi) va
di truoc nam Tuat (con Cho).
Tuoi
Dau hop voi Ty (Ran), Dau (Ga), Suu (Trau), Thin (Rong)
Tuoi
Dau ky voi: Ti (Chuot), Ngo (Ngua), Mao (Meo), Tuat (Cho).
Nam
Dau la nam Am (-). Ta co:
Nam Hanh Mau Sac
At Dau: 1885, 1945, 2005, 2065 Thuy Den
Dinh Dau: 1897, 1957, 2017, 2077 Hoa Do
Ky Dau: 1909, 1969, 2029, 2089 Tho Vang
Tan Dau: 1921, 1981, 2041, 2101 Moc Xanh
Qui Dau: 1933, 1993, 2053, 2113 Kim Trang
BIEN CO LICH SU VAO NAM DAU VAO THE
KY XX
* 1909: Colombia cong nhan doc lap cua Panama; quan doi
Hoa Ky rut khoi Cuba sau chien tranh voi Tay Ban Nha; do doc Peary den Bac Cuc;
hiep uoc Phap- Duc ve van de Morocco; Wright thu nghiem chiec phi co quan su
dau tien cua Hoa Ky; Ito Hirofumi bi mot nguoi Trieu Tien am sat chet o Man
Chau; hiep uoc Anh- Xiem La theo do Xiem
nhuong cac tieu bang Kelantan, Trenggaru, Perlis va Kedah cho Anh.
* 1921: hoi nghi Washington; dang
Cong San thanh lap o Y, Trung Hoa, Tiep Khac, Tay Ban Nha; Cong San Nga xam
lang Georgia; Ai Nhi Lan doc lap; Noite Sargrento (Dem Dam Mau) o Lisbon (Bo
Dao Nha); 05 trieu nguoi Nga chet doi.
* 1933:
Adolf Hitler nam chanh quyen; to chuc mat vu Gestapo (Geheime Staat-
spolizei); Francis Perkins, nu bo truong dau tien cua Hoa Ky (bo Lao Dong);
Chuong Trinh T.V.A (Tennessee Valley Authority); Toa An Quoc Te La Hague tuyen
bo Greenland thuoc chu quyen cua Dan Mach; nha bac hoc Albert Einstein den ty
nan o Hoa Ky; Chanh Phu Nhan Dan Fujian (Phuc Kien).
* 1945:
nan doi o Bac Bo; Nhat dao chanh Phap tren ban dao Dong Duong; chanh phu
Tran Trong Kim; hoi nghi Yalta; tong thong Roosevelt mat; hoi nghi Potsdam;
Hiroshima va Nagasaki bi toi bom nguyen tu; Duc va Nhat dau hang quan Dong
Minh; Ho Chi Minh doc Tuyen Ngon Doc Lap khai sinh ra Viet Nam Dan Chu Cong
Hoa.
* 1957: Do Thai rut quan ra khoi ban
dao Sinai ma ho chiem nam 1956; tong thong Phi Luat Tan Magsaysay chet trong
tai nan phi co; Ma Lai doc lap; Lien So phong ve tinh nhan tao Sputnik I &
II; tong thong Sukarno cua Indonesia quoc huu hoa 246 co so kinh doanh cua Hoa
Lan va truc xuat 326,000 nguoi Hoa Lan ra khoi Indonesia; Mao Zedong (Mao Trach
Dong) xac nhan thanh toan 800,000 ‘ke thu giai cap’ <vo san> tu nam 1949
den 1954; hiep uoc Rome ve viec thanh lap Cong Dong Kinh Te Au Chau (European
Economic Community- EEC); cai cach dien dia o Nam Viet Nam.
* 1969: Ho Chi Minh chet; Viet Nam hoa
chien tranh; chien tranh bien gioi giua Trung Quoc va Lien So tren dao
Damansky; Hoa Ky dua nguoi len cung trang; bieu tinh chong Chien Tranh Viet Nam
o Washington D.C; chanh phu Cong Hoa Mien Nam Viet Nam (Mat Tran).
* 1981: Iran tha 52 con tin Hoa Ky;
Jiang Qing (Giang Thanh), vo Mao Zedong, bi tuyen an tu hinh (khong co hanh
quyet); Giao hoang John Paul II bi am sat (bi thuong); tong thong Reagan bi am
sat (bi thuong); tong thong Sadat (Ai Cap) bi am sat chet; hon le giua thai tu
Charles (Anh) va Diana Spencer; Sandra Day O’Connor la nu tham phan Toi Cao
Phap Vien dau tien cua Hoa Ky; Mitterand cua dang Xa Hoi Phap dac cu tong thong
Phap lan dau tien.
* 1993: Tiep Khac chia ra lam hai nuoc:
Cong Hoa Tiep Khac (Bohemia) va Slovakia; Jiang Zemin (Giang Trach Dan) duoc de
cu lam chu tich CHNDTQ; dao chanh o Guatemala; PLO (To Chuc Giai Phong
Palestine) nhin nhan nuoc Do Thai; hiep uoc hoa binh Do Thai- PLO; Sihanouk tro
lai ngai vang Cambodia; hiep uoc Maastricht ve Lien Au; Vatican nhin nhan Do
Thai.
* 2005:
Condoleezza Rice la nu bo truong Ngoai Giao goc Phi Chau dau tien o Hoa
Ky; cuu thu tuong Lebanon, Hariri bi am sat chet; Hong Y Joseph Ratzinger duoc bau lam Giao Hoang nien hieu Benedict
XVI; Tay Ban Nha hop thuc hoa hon nhan dong tinh; Michaelle Jean la toan quyen
Da Den dau tien o Canada; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf la nu tong thong dau tien o
Liberia va tren luc dia Phi Chau; Nguyen Van Tuong bi hanh quyet o Singapore ve
toi buon ban ma tuy.
YEU NHAN THE GIOI SINH VAO NAM DAU
Barry Goldwater (1909- 1998)
Ong Goldwater la nguoi Hoa Ky goc Do
Thai dau tien duoc dang Cong Hoa dua ra tranh cu tong thong nam 1964. Ong tot nghiep truong Vo Bi Stauton tu o
Virginia va dai hoc Arizona. Ong la mot
nha kinh doanh, si quan Khong Quan va mot nha chanh tri thuoc dang Cong
Hoa. Ong la nghi si cua tieu bang sinh
quan Arizona 05 nhiem ky: hai nhiem ky tu nam 1953 den 1965 va 03 nhiem ky tu
nam 1969 den 1987.
Nam
1964 ong duoc dang Cong Hoa dua ra tranh chuc tong thong duong dau voi ung cu
vien dang Dan Chu Lyndon B. Johnson. Ong
Johnson hanh su chuc vu tong thong tu nam 1963 den 1964 sau khi tong thong
Kennedy bi am sat chet. Ong Goldwater that
cu truoc Johnson vi co chu truong cung
ran ve bien phap cham dut chien tranh
Viet Nam va co duong loi khong thuan loi cho nguoi Da Den nen bi nguoi Da Den
bieu tinh phan doi du doi. Ong la nguoi
co uy tin trong dang Cong Hoa. Chinh ong
la nguoi dau tien khuyen tong thong Nixon tu chuc vi vu Watergate.
U Thant (1909- 1974)
U Thant la nguoi Mien Dien, tong tho
ky thu ba cua Lien Hiep Quoc va la nguoi A Chau dau tien giu chuc vu nay. Ong la nha giao duc tot nghiep dai hoc
Rangoon va la ban than cua thu tuong U Nu.
Khi U Nu lam thu tuong ong la giam doc dai phat thanh (1948) roi tong
truong bo Thong Tin. Tu nam 1951 den
1957 ong viet dien van cho thu tuong U Nu.
Tu
nam 1961 den 1971 ong giu chuc tong tho ky Lien Hiep Quoc thay the ong Daj
Hammarskjold chet trong mot tai nan phi co.
Trong thoi gian dung dau to chuc quoc te nay ong doi dau voi van de
Congo, khung hoang Cuba giua Hoa Ky va Lien So, chien tranh Viet Nam, van de
Berlin. Ong chi trich Hoa Ky trong chien
tranh Viet Nam. Chiu anh huong sau dam
cua triet ly Phat Giao, U Thant la nguoi hien hoa, ua chuong hoa binh. Ong nguong mo Sir Stafford Cripps, Sun Yatsen
(Ton Dat Tien) va Mahatma Gandhi. Tuong
Ne Win khong ua thich ong vi ong la ban than cua U Nu ma Ne Win lat do. Ong co nhieu danh du tren the gioi nhung khong co danh du gi voi
che do quan nhan o Mien Dien. Ngay ong
mat quan tai cua ong duoc cho tu tru so LHQ ve Mien Dien. Khong mot vien chuc nao cua chanh phu quan
nhan duoc cu ra phi truong chao don linh cuu cua ong. Mot thu truong bo Giao Duc ra phi truong
nghieng minh truoc quan tai cua ong bi mat chuc sau do. Sinh vien bieu tinh chong che do doc tai quan
nhan doi xu te bac doi voi mot nhan vat Mien Dien duoc ca the gioi vinh
danh. Nguoi Mien Dien goi ong la
Pantanaw U Thant tuc ong U Thant Pantanaw (Pantanaw: sinh quan cua ong).
Aung San Suu Kyi (1945- )
Aung San Suu Kyi la nu chanh tri gia,
ngoai giao, tac gia cua nhieu quyen sach chanh tri o Mien Dien. Ba la con gai cua nha cach mang va tuong
lanh co cong thanh lap quan doi Mien Dien trong de nhi the chien: Aung
San. Trong de nhi the chien ong Aung San
duoc Nhat huan luyen quan su tren dao Hainan (Hai Nam). Ong duoc huy chuong cao qui cua Nhat hoang
Hirohito.
Nam
1947 ong dai dien Mien Dien sang London thuong thuyet voi chanh phu Anh ve viec
trao tra doc lap cho Mien Dien. Cung nam
nay ong bi am sat chet. Luc ay Aung San
Suu Kyi moi hai tuoi. Duoc su huong dan
cua me, Aung San Suu Ky hoc o Mien Dien,
New Delhi roi Anh Quoc. Ba tot
nghiep dai hoc o Oxford roi dai hoc London.
Ba noi thong Anh, Phap va Nhat ngu. Chong
ba Ang San Suu Kyi la nguoi Anh. Ba tung
lam viec cho Lien Hiep Quoc khi ong U Thant la tong tho ky cua to chuc
nay. Nam 1988 ba ve nuoc tham me bi binh
nang va o lai Mien Dien bat dau dau tranh chong che do doc tai quan doi. Ba thanh lap Lien Minh Quoc Gia Dan Chu
(NLD: National League for
Democracy). Lien Minh cua ba chiem 81%
phieu bau trong cuoc bau cu nam 1990.
Cac tuong lanh phu nhan ket qua cuoc bau cu va quan thuc ba tai gia ngot
20 nam truong. Nam 2010, do ap luc cua
LHQ, Anh, Hoa Ky va vi tinh trang kinh te quoc gia be rac cong them tinh trang
Mien Dien tren da bi Han hoa ve chanh tri va kinh te nang ne, phe quan nhan co
vai nhan nhuong chanh tri. Ba Aung San
Suu Kyi duoc tu do. Trong ky bau cu bo
tuc nam 2012 Lien Minh cua ba chiem 43/ 45 ghe trong trong Quoc Hoi. Trong ky bau cu nam 2015 Lien Minh Quoc Gia
Dan Chu chiem 86% tong so ghe trong Quoc Hoi.
Nhung ba khong duoc lam tong thong theo hien dinh vi ba co chong va con
ngoai quoc. Ong Htin Kyaw lam tong
thong, ba la tong truong bo Ngoai Giao va tong truong bo Phu Tong Thong.
Ba
Aung San Suu Kyi duoc giai Sakharov, Nobel Hoa Binh, huan chuong Nehru
v.v. Chong ba lanh giai thuong Nobel
thay cho ba vi ba khong duoc roi khoi Mien Dien va, neu ba roi Mien Dien, ba
khong duoc tro ve Mien Dien! Aung San
Suu Kyi la mot nu chanh tri gia A Chau co tam voc quoc te, Ba co can dam va quyet tam chong lai che do
doc tai quan su thong tri tren que huong ba.
Hai cuoc bau cu trong sach nam 2012 va 2015 danh dau mot buoc tien kha
dai cua Mien Dien trong viec xay dung mot nen dan chu au tri sau tren nua the
ky duoi che do doc tai quan su dua dat nuoc vao tinh trang tu co lap va lac
hau.
Andrei Sakharov (1921- 1989)
Andrei Sakharov la mot nha vat ly
trong chuong trinh san xuat bom nguyen tu va khinh khi cua Lien So. Ong hoc dai hoc Moscow va lay bang tien si ve
vat ly nam 24 tuoi. Nam 27 tuoi ong la
thanh vien trong chuong trinh khao cuu va san xuat bom nguyen tu. Nhung Sakharov co linh cam rang dinh menh cua
ong se giong nhu nha bac hoc Oppenheimer o Hoa Ky.
Song
trong mot nuoc Cong San nhung ong can dam van dong tai giam binh bi va dau
tranh cho hoa binh va nhan quyen. Nam
1975 ong duoc giai thuong Nobel Hoa Binh nhung ong bi cam khong cho roi khoi
Lien So. Vo ong, Yelena Bonner, lanh giai thuong thay ong. Sakharov duoc menh danh la phat ngon vien
cua luong tri nhan loai. Nam 1980
ong chong lai su xam lang cua Lien So vao Afghanistan. Ong bi KGB xem la ke noi thu nguy hiem nen
quan thuc ong o thanh pho Gorky bay gio la Nizhny Novgorod. Nam 1984 ong bi xu 05 nam tu sau vu tuyet
thuc doi tra tu do cho vo ong va cho ba sang Hoa Ky giai phau tim. Mot mat chanh quyen to ra cung ran, mat khac
lai cho vo ong sang Hoa Ky giai phau tim.
Nam 1986 vo ong tro lai Gorky.
Khi Gorbachov cam quyen o Lien So Sakharov va vo duoc phep tro ve
Moscow. Ong mat nam 1989 nhu mot nguoi
anh hung duoc dan chung ton sung va cam men.
Chinh Gorbachov cung to ra qui trong ong.
Nhat Hoang Akihito (1933- )
Nhat
hoang Akihito la Nhat hoang thu 125 cua Nhat Ban. Ong len ngoi nam 1989 sau khi than phu cua
ong la Nhat hoang Hirohito bang ha nam 1989.
Thai
tu Akihito duoc giao duc trong hoang cung.
Trong thoi chien tranh ong tam thoi roi khoi Tokyo. Sau khi chien tranh cham dut thai tu duoc ba
Elizabeth Gray Vining, mot nu quan thu thu vien Hoa Ky, phu dao tieng Anh. Ong say me nghien cuu ve hai duong hoc. Nam 1953 thai tu Akihito thay mat hoang gia
Nhat tham du le dang quang cua nu hoang Elizabeth II o London. Nam 1959 thai tu ket hon voi mot thu dan, con
gai cua mot chu tich Cong Ty Bot Mi Nisshin, Michiko Shoda, ma ong quen tren
san quan vot. Michiko Shoda la mot my
nu, thong minh, hap thu van hoa Tay Phuong.
Nam 1957 ba tot nghiep dai hoc Thien Chua Giao o Tokyo ve van chuong voi
hang Summa Cum laude va cu nhan Anh Van.
Cuoc hon nhan giua thai tu Akihito va Michiko Shoda la cuoc hon nhan
cach mang dau tien trong hoang trieu Nhat Ban giua mot nguoi hoang toc va mot thu dan.
Thai tu
Akihito va cong nuong Michiko Shoda cong du 37 quoc gia. Sau khi len ngoi, Nhat hoang va hoang hau
cong du 18 quoc gia.
Nhat
hoang Akihito va hoang hau Michiko Shoda co hai hoang tu va mot cong chua. Cong chua Sayako tuc Nori co chong la Yoshiki
Kuroda, mot thu dan (2005). Vi vay ba
tro thanh thu dan duoi ten Sayako Kuroda.
Ba nhan cua hoi mon 1.29 trieu My kim, roi hoang cung song trong mot can
nha binh thuong, ngung nghien cuu dieu cam hoc (ornithology) va bat dau tap lai
xe va di mua sam nhu moi phu nu Nhat khac.
Nhat hoang Akihito duoc mo ta nhu mot nha lanh
dao hien hoa, gan dan va yeu chuong hoa binh.
Nam 2011 Nhat Ban bi dong dat va song than. Nhat hoang voi va den noi bi dong dat va song
than tan pha de an ui than dan. Nam ay
Nhat hoang bi viem phoi phai nhap binh vien.
Truoc do Nhat hoang trai qua mot cuoc giai phau ung thu tuyen tien liet. Nam 2012 ong trai qua mot cuoc giai phau de
thong tim. Vi ly do suc khoe Nhat hoang
Akihito nhu co y muon thoai vi. Do la
dieu hiem co trong lich su hoang trieu Nhat Ban.
Nhat
hoang Akihito duoc dan chung Nhat yeu men nhu ho tung yeu men cac Nhat hoang
tien trieu. Nam 1995 Nhat hoang va hoang
hau tham vieng cac dai ky niem chien tranh o Tokyo, Hiroshima, Nagasaki,
Okinawa. Nam 2005 Nhat hoang tham vieng
dao Saipan noi xay ra tran danh dam mau giua quan Nhat va Hoa Ky nam 1944. Dao Saipan bay gio la lanh tho cua Hoa Ky.
****
De
nhat phu nhan Nancy Reagan (1909- 2016), nu tham phan Toi Cao Phap Vien Hoa Ky
Ruth Badis Ginsburg (1933-), nu tong thong Phi Luat Tan Corazon Aquino (1933-
2009), thu tuong Do Thai Ehud Olmert (1945-), tong thong Brazil Luiz Ignacio
Lulada Silva (1945-), Caroline Kennedy (1957-), ai nu co tong thong Kennedy va
dai su Hoa Ky o Nhat, trum khung bo Osama Bin Laden (1957- 2011)…deu sinh vao
nam Dau.
Tan Nien Dinh Dau
Van Phuc Dao Lam Mon.
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